Classification of copper alloys and their Applications
Commonly used copper alloys are divided into three categories: brass, bronze and cupronickel
Its features are as follows:
1)Brass is a copper alloy with zinc as the main additive element, which has a beautiful yellow color and is collectively referred to as brass. Copper-zinc binary alloy is called ordinary brass or simply brass. Brass with higher price is called special brass or complex brass. Brass alloys with less than 36% zinc, it is composed of solid solution and has good cold working properties. For example, brass containing 30% zinc is often used to make bullet casings, commonly known as bullet casing yellow,copper or seventy-thirty brass. Brass alloys with zinc content between 36% and 42% are composed of and solid solutions, of which the most commonly used is 40% zinc of sixty-forty brass. In order to improve the properties of ordinary brass, other elements are often added, such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead, etc.
Aluminum can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of brass, but reduce the plasticity, so it is suitable for marine condenser pipes and other corrosion-resistant parts, which can improve the cutting performance of brass; this free-cutting brass is often used as watch parts. Brass castings are often used to make valves and pipe accessories, etc. The fire hydrant explosion-proof crescent wrench commonly used in ships is cast from brass and aluminum.
2) Bronze Originally refers to copper-tin alloy, and later copper alloys except brass and cupronickel are called bronze, tin bronze has good casting properties, anti-friction properties and good mechanical properties, and is suitable for the manufacture of bearings, worm gears, gears, etc. Lead bronze is a widely used bearing material for modern engines and grinders. Aluminum bronze has high strength, wear resistance and good corrosion resistance, used for casting high-load gears, bushings, marine propellers, etc. Phosphor bronze have high elastic limit and conduct electricity, it has good performance and is suitable for the manufacture of precision springs and electrical contact elements. Beryllium bronze is also used to manufacture non-sparking tools used in coal mines and oil depots tool. Beryllium copper is a supersaturated solid solution copper-based alloy with good mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties and corrosion resistance;
Powder metallurgy production for tungsten steel, high carbon steel, high temperature super hard alloy molds need to be galvanic corrosion, due to the large loss of ordinary electrodes, the speed is slow, and tungsten copper is an ideal material. Bending strength≥667Mpa
3)Cupronickel copper alloy with nickel as the main additive element. Copper-nickel binary alloy called ordinary cupronickel; plus manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum
The cupronickel alloy of other elements is called complex cupronickel. Industrial cupronickel is divided into two categories: structural cupronickel and electrical cupronickel. Characteristics of structural cupronickel
The point is that the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are good, and the color is beautiful. This cupronickel is widely used in the manufacture of precision machinery, chemical machinery and marine structures pieces. Electrical cupronickel generally has good thermoelectric properties. Manganese copper, constantan and test copper are manganese white copper with different manganese content, which are the materials for electrical instruments, varistors, precision resistors, strain gauges, thermocouples, etc.
